Lesson 4. Spanish gender and number

Nouns and adjetives in Spanish have gender and number.

Gender:

• female (), [여자의]
• male () [ 남성적인]

Number:

• singular: when there is only one. [단수형(문법)]
• plural: when there are more than one. [ 복수(문법)]
  

Examples:

• Female, singular:
• mujer (woman) [여자]
  
• niña (little gilr) [소녀]
  
• hermana (sister) [누나, 언니, 여동생]
  
• mamá (mom) [엄마]
  
• casa (house) [집]
  

• Male, singular:
• hombre (men) [남자]
  
• niño (little boy) [소년]
• hermano (brother) [오빠, 형, 남동생]
  
• papá (dad) [아빠]
  
• libro (book) [책]
  

• Female, plural:
• mujeres (women)
  
• niñas (girls)
  
• hermanas (sisters)
  
• casas (houses)
  

• Male, plural:
• hombres (men)
  
• niños (boys)
  
• hermanos (brothers)
  
• libros (books)
  

In Spanish (original post)

Lesson 2. Irregular verb "ser". Present tense

The verb ser (to be) equal to Korean 이다.
In Spanish, verbs are conjugated to each personal pronoun.

Let's first personal pronouns:

Español	coreano	English
yo	나,저	I
tú	너,당신	you
usted	당신 (respeto)	you (respectful)
él	그	He
ella	그녀	She
nosotros	우리	we
vosotros	너희	you
ustedes	너희 (respeto)	you (Respectful)
ellos	그들	they

Present tense of the verb "ser":

yo	soy
tú	eres
él, ella, (usted)	es
nosotros	somos
vosotros	sois
ellos (ustedes)	son

Ejemplos:

Yo soy estudiante. (저는 학생입니다) I'm a student.
Él es profesor. (그는 선생님입니다) He's a teacher.
Pablo es estudiante. (파블로는 학생입니다) Pablo is a student.
Ella es actriz. (그녀는 배우입니다) She is an actress
María es profesora. (마리아는 선생님입니다) Maria is a teacher
El coche es rojo. (자동차 빨간색입니다) The car is red
Nosotros somos abogados. (우리는 변호사입니다) We are lawyers
Vosotros sois estudiantes. (너희는 학생입니다) You are students
Ellos son cantantes. (그들은 가수입니다) They are singers



In Spanish (original post)

Ser/estar (to be)

Ser/estar

This is one of the major difficulties encountered when learning Spanish.

> The verb ser is used to indicate, identify, we have the verb in Korean ‘이다’

• Yo soy Marta (I'm Marta).
• Esto es un escritorio (This is a desk)

> The verb ser also used to indicate professions

• Soy profesor (I am a teacher)
• Soy estudiante (I am a student )

> When is a temporary activity, something you're doing, you use the verb estar:

• Yo estoy estudiando (I am studying)

Let:

• is that you are →Soy estudiante (I am a student)
• is something you do → Estoy estudiando (I’m studying)

> The verb ser is used to indicate origin, nationality.

• Soy de Valencia →I'm from Valencia
• Soy española →I am Spanish.

Let's now one of the common mistakes:

• Yo soy en Valencia. Because is the literal translate of I am in Valencia.

This phrase means that the speaker is in Valencia when he was really saying he is Valencia.

> To say that you are at a place we use the verb estar.

• Estoy en Valencia (I am in Valencia)
• Estoy en casa (I'm at home)

Trick, if you are going to use “en”, use verb estar.

This also serves to indicate the location of objects:

• El libro está encima de la mesa (The book is on the table)
• El gato está al lado del escritorio (The cat is next to the desk)

> For moods and emotions can be used two verbs: ser and estar but have different meanings. Consider these examples:

• Yo soy feliz → Soy una persona feliz siempre.
• (I am happy) →( I am a happy person always.)

• Yo estoy feliz → en este momento tengo felicidad.
• (I am happy)→ (at this moment I have happiness)

• Él es triste. → Es una persona que siempre tiene tristeza.
• (He is sad) →(is a person who is always sad)

• Él está triste. → En este momento le ha pasado algo que hace que tenga tristeza
• (He is sad) →At this time, something has happened to him that makes him with sadness

• Él es feo. →es una persona que no tiene belleza.
• (He is ugly) →(is a person who hasn`t beauty)

• Él está feo. → tiene un corte de pelo malo, lleva ropa fea, por algo en este momento notiene belleza pero puede tenerla.
• (He is ugly)→ (has a bad haircut, ugly clothing, for somenthing is ugly a this time, he hasen´t beauty now but he can has it)
  

• Yo soy bueno. → es una persona que tiene bondad, que hace cosas buenas
• (I’m good)→ (is a person with kidness, vich makes good things)

• Yo estoy bueno. → persona que tiene buen físico, o buen estado de salud
• (I´m good)→ (is a person who has good physical→is hot, or who has good health)

Well, this is all for today. Later we will study this more carefully.

Useful phrases

Useful phrases for when you are learning Spanish:

¿qué significa esto?
무슨 뜻이에요?

Por favor, dilo una vez más.
¿puede repetirlo?
다시 한 번 말해 주세요.

¿cómo se dice esto en español?
이거 스페인어로 뭐라고 해요?

No lo he entendido.
잘 모르겠어요.

¿Puede hablar más despacio?
천천히 말해 주세요.

¿Puede escribirlo?
적어 주세요

¿lo he dicho correctamente?
제가 한 말 맞아요?

No me acuerdo.
생각이 안 나요.

Tengo una duda
질문 있어요.






want to see it in Korean:
Useful phrases for korean learners